Modul subjonctiv – limba engleza

MODUL SUBJONCTIV – LIMBA ENGLEZA

    In engleza contemporana, subjonctivul nu are formele lui proprii. El apare cu forme de infinitiv, de Past Tense si de Past Perfect. De asemenea, exista echivalenti de subjonctiv care constau in verbele should, may, might, would + infinitiv.

Subjonctiv cu forma de infinitiv

a.     Apare in propozitii exclamative, exprimand o lozinca, o urare, o dorinta sau un blestem.
Ex. Long live the king!
Traiasca regele.
Come what may.
Fie ce-o fi.
God forgive you!
Fie ca Domnul sa te ierte!
Curse this fog!
Blestemata fie aceasta ceata!
 

b.     Poate fi intalnit in poezia clasica, in situatii in care, in engleza contemporana, ar fi inlocuit cu prezentul.
Ex. Shakespeare: „If this be error' .
If this is error
Byron: „Though the hart be still as loving' . the heart is
 

c.      Poate fi folosit ca o modalitate de a da ordine.
Ex. Everybody leave the hall.
Toata lumea sa paraseasca sala.
Somebody bring me a glass of water.
Cineva sa-mi aduca un pahar cu apa.
 

d.     Dupa constructii de tipul: it is impossible that, it is desirable that, it is necessary that, it is likely that.

            Ex. It is necessary that you be present.
            E necesar ca tu sa fii prezent.
            It is desirable that we finish the translation first.
            Este de dorit ca noi sa terminam intai traducerea.
            It is impossible that he do this.
            Este imposibil ca el sa faca aceasta.

    e) Dupa verbe ca: to propose, to suggest, to insist, to demand, to urge, to recommend, to order

    Ex. I recommended that his proposal be accepted.
    Am recomandat ca propunerea lui sa fie acceptata.
    The doctor insisted that I keep indoors.
    Doctorul a insistat ca eu sa stau acasa.

Subjonctiv cu forma de Past Tense sau Past Perfect:

    Apare dupa urmatoarele expresii:

a.     I wish (mi-as dori, bine ar fi sa)

Daca dorinta se refera la momentul prezent, se foloseste subjonctivul cu forma de Past Tense.

Ex. I wish I were in England now.
    Mi-as dori sa fiu in Anglia acum.

Nota: Verbul to be la subjonctivul du forma de Past Tense, apare ca were la toate persoanele.

Daca dorinta se refera la un moment anterior, se foloseste subjonctivul cu forma de Past Perfect.

Ex. I wish I had been born in England.
    Mi-as dori sa ma fi nascut in Anglia.

Daca dorinta se refera la un moment viitor, se foloseste would, ca echivalent de subjonctiv.

Ex. I wish it would stop raining.
    Mi-as dori sa inceteze ploaia.

b) If only – are aproximativ acelasi sens cu I wish
    Ex. If only I lived to be a hundred!
    Bine ar fi sa traiesc pana la o suta de ani!

    c) As if/though (ca si cum, de parca)
    even if/even though (chiar daca)
    Ex. You speak English as if you were an Englishman.
    Vorbesti engleza de parca ai fi englez.
    You speak English as if you had lived in England.
    Vorbesti engleza ca si cum ai fi trait in Anglia.

d)It is time. (E timpul.)

    It is high time. (Era de mult timpul.)
    Ex. It is time the child went to bed.
    E timpul sa mearga copilul la culcare.
    It is high time you began to study seriously.
    Era de mult timpul sa incepi sa studiezi serios.

a.     I would sooner/rather (as prefera sa . )

    Ex. I would sooner you stayed at home tonight.
    As prefera sa stai acasa in seara asta.
    In exemplul de mai sus, persoana care isi exprima preferinta este diferita de cea care face actiunea.
    In cazul in care persoana care isi exprima preferinta este aceeasi cu cea care face actiunea, se poate folosi fie subjonctivul cu forma de Past Tense, fie cel cu forma de infinitiv.
    Ex. I would sooner I stayed at home tonight.
    I would sooner stay at home tonight.

Echivalenti de subjonctiv

a.     should – ca si subjonctivul cu forma de infinitiv (1-d) se poate folosi dupa constructii de tipul: It is impossible that, it is necessary that.

    Ex. It is necessary that you should be present.
    It is desirable that we should finish the translation first.
    It is impossible that he should do this.
    Acest tip de constructii se traduc la fel (vezi 1-d), fie ca se foloseste in limba engleza subjonctivul cu forma de infinitiv, fie ca se foloseste should ca echivalent de subjonctiv.
    Exista o situatie in care nu se poate folosi subjonctivul cu forma de infinitiv,ci este necesara introducerea lui should. Este vorba de cazul cand propozitia secundara exprima o actiune anterioara celei din principala.
    Ex. It is impossible that he should have done this.
    Este imposibil ca el sa fi facut aceasta.
    Dupa cum se observa, in aceasta situatie should este urmat de infinitivul trecut.

De asemenea, la fel ca si subjonctivul cu forma de infinitiv (vezi 1-e), should poate aparea dupa verbe ca: to propose, to suggest, to insist, to demand, to urge, to recommend.

Ex. I recommend that his proposal should be accepted.
    The doctor insisted that I should stay indoors.

Dupa conjunctia lest (ca nu cumva sa)

Ex. Hurry up lest you should miss the train.
    Grabeste-te ca nu cumva sa pierzi trenul.
    I am afraid lest he should fail the exam.
    Mi-e teama ca nu cumva sa piarda examenul.

Nota: In engleza contemporana exista tendinta de a se omite should dupa lest si de a se folosi subjonctivul cu forma de infinitiv.

Ex. Hurry up lest you miss the train.

Intrebari introduse prin how, why, where,when, fie in vorbirea direca, fie in vorbirea indirecta.

    Ex. How should I know where he is now?
    De unde sa stiu unde este el acum?
    I don’t see why you should be so rude to him.
    Nu vad de ce sa fii atat de nepoliticos cu el.

a.     may, might

Ca si subjonctivul cu forma de infinitiv, may poate aparea in lozinci si urari:

Ex. May success attend you!
    Fie ca succesul sa fie cu tine!
    May you live long and be happy!
    Fie sa traiesti mult si sa fii fericit.

Dupa to hope, to be afraid

    Ex. I hope that he may pass the exam.
    Sper ca el sa treaca examenul.
    I was afraid that he might fail the exam.
    Mi-era teama sa nu cada la examen.
    Dupa cum reiese din exemplele de mai sus, daca verbul din propozitia principala este la timpul prezent, in secundara se foloseste may, iar daca verbul din propozitia principala este la timpul trecut, in secundara se foloseste might.

Dupa so that, in order that

    Ex. Study hard so that/in order that you may pass the exam.
    Invata serios ca sa treci examenul.
    I studied hard so that/in order that I might pass the exam.
    Am invatat serios ca sa trec examenul.

Dupa whoever, whenever, wherever, however, whichever, whatever sau dupa formulele echivalente no matter who, no matter when, etc.

    Ex. Whoever you may/might be, you have no right to do this.
    No matter who you may/might be, you have no right to do this.
    Oricine ai fi, nu ai dreptul sa faci asta.
    Wherever I may/might be, I will ring you up.
    Oriunde as fi, iti voi telefona.

Dupa it is possible, it was possible

    Ex. It is possible that he may be here in time.
    Este posibil ca el sa ajunga aici la timp.
    It was possible that he might be here in time.
    Era posibil ca el sa fi ajuns aici la timp.

Nota: Dupa cum se poate observa, echivalentii de subjonctiv sunt la origine verbe modale. Exisa situatii cand se pot folosi si alte verbe modale decat cele expuse in acest capitol ca echivalenti de subjonctiv, iar in aceste cazuri, verbele respective aduc in propozitie si sensul lor initial.

Ex. I wish I could speak English.
    Mi-as dori sa pot vorbi engleza/sa fiu in stare sa vorbesc engleza.
    I wish I might borrow your car.
    Mi-as dori sa pot/sa am permisiunea de a imprumuta masina ta.

Exercitii cu modul subjonctiv

Transformati urmatoarele propozitii, astfel incat sa inceapa cu I wish + Past Tense (afirmativ sau negativ):

    Model

    I am sorry/I regret the weather isn’t fine.
    I wish the weather were fine.

I am sorry my friend is ill.

I am sorry I don’t live in Bucharest.

I regret I am not a student.

I regret I can’t go to the concert.

I am sorry I can’t play the piano.

I am sorry you live so far away.

I regret I have only one child.

I regret I have no children.

I am sorry books are so expensive.

I am sorry it rains so often.

Transformati urmatoarele propozitii, astfel incat sa inceapa cu I wish + Past Perfect (afirmativ sau negativ):

    Model

    I am sorry I lost my umbrella.
    I wish I hadn’t lost my umbrella.

I am sorry you had an accident.

I was sorry you were out when I called.

I regretted the weather was bad when I was on holiday.

I regretted you couldn’t come to me yesterday.

I am sorry you were delayed at the office.

I am sorry I was late for the party.

I regret you didn’t win the competition.

I am sorry I had no money to buy that painting.

I was sorry you had got a fine.

I am sorry I didn’t win the Great Prize.

Transformati urmatoarele propozitii, astfel incat sa inceapa cu I wish + would + infinitiv scurt:

Model

    I am sorry he will not take my advice.
    I wish he would take my advice.

I regret you won’t come on holiday with me.

Lucrare: Nuvela Popa Tanda de Ioan Slavici - demonstratia ca este nuvela Eseu: Ultima noapte de dragoste - roman modern de tip subiectiv - constructia subiectului si conflictul din roman

I am sorry he won’t accept my proposal.

I regret I won’t spend my holiday in England.

I am sorry he will be away for such a long time.

I am sorry they will not sign the contract.

I regret he will stay in hospital so long.

I am sorry you won’t take a driving licence.

I am sorry I will get fat when giving up smoking.

I regret I won’t be able to read Goethe in the original.

I regret I won’t have a phone in my new flat.

Puneti verbele din paranteze la forma corecta de subjonctiv:

You behave as if you (own) the place.

Don’t treat me as if I (be) a child.

I would rather you (not waste) your time!

I am cold, I would rather you (close) that window.

It is high time you (start) studying for your exam.

It’s time we (go) home.

I’d rather I (stay) at home and (watch) TV.

If only I (be) in Italy now!

I wish I (enter) the faculty last year.

If only my telephone (work)!

I wish I (not catch) a cold on the trip yesterday.

He wishes he (have) a good English teacher in the next academic year.

I would marry you even if you (be) a pauper.

I would rather he (tell) me the truth.

He would rather his daughter (not get married) so young.

It’s high time he (take) a job and (stop) living on his parents.

If only I (not forget) his phone number!

He wishes his book (become) a best-seller!

If only I (become) a millionaire.

It’s time I (get) a promotion!

    5. Traduceti in limba engleza folosind subjonctivul cu forma de Past Tense sau Past Perfect:

Bine ar fi sa nu fi facut atatea greseli la lucrarea de control.

Mi-as dori sa incetezi cu zgomotul acela chiar in acest moment.

Mi-as dori sa incetezi sa te mai vaicaresti pentru ca am si eu necazurile mele.

Bine ar fi sa fii mai ordonata!

Ce pacat ca ploua! Daca n-ar ploua, am putea merge la plaja!

Ti-ai dori sa fi fost invitata la petrecerea lui John?

Ce pacat ca nu mai sunt tanar!

As prefera sa te scoli mai devreme.

As prefera sa ma scol mai devreme.

As prefera sa mergi la teatru.

As prefera sa merg la teatru.

E timpul sa-mi inapoiezi banii pe care ti I-am imprumutat.

Era demult timpul sa incepi sa citesti cartile cerute pentru examenul de literatura romana.

E ora 10! Nu crezi ca era demult timpul sa te scoli si sa te apuci de lucru?

Ea arata de parca ar fi manechin.

Vorbesti ca si cum ai fi suparata pe mine.

Ea se poarta cu el de parca ar fi sotul ei.

El mi-a vorbit ca si cum nu se intamplase nimic intre noi.

Jane si-ar dori sa-mi petrec sfarsitul de saptamana cu ea.

Stiu ca tu ti-ai dori sa-ti petreci vacanta intr-o tabara, dar eu prefer sa mergi la bunicul, la tara.

6. Traduceti in limba engleza folosind subjonctivul cu forma de infinitiv sau echivalentul de sobjonctiv should + infinitivul prezent sau trecut:

Este imposibil ca el sa se intoarca atat de devreme.

Este imposibil ca el sa se fi intors atat de devreme.

Este important ca tu sa stii engleza bine.

Este necesar sa fii informat despre ce se intampla in tara.

Era ciudat ca el sa nu fi citit aceasta carte.

Este enervant ca tu sa fi uitat sa-mi aduci cartea inapoi.

Este probabil ca fiul meu sa fi luat examenul.

Este foarte important ca acest contract sa fie semnat foarte curand.

Vrei sa spui ca este probabil sa ne petrecem concediul in Bucuresti?

Este necesar sa fiu prezent la aceasta sedinta?

    7. Traduceti in limba engleza folosind subjonctivul cu forma de infinitiv sau echivalentul de subjonctiv should + infinitivul prezent:

Mama a hotarat ca noi sa stam acasa.

Profesorul sugereaza ca noi sa citim aceasta carte.

Directorul a cerut ca toata lumea sa fie prezenta la ora 8.

Prietenul meu a insistat sa merg cu el la concert.

Directorul a propus ca eu sa lucrez in alt sector.

El a sugerat ca noi sa cumparam aceasta casa.

Insist ca tu sa accepti aceasta slujba.

Am sugerat sa-l alegem presedinte.

    8. Traduceti in limba engleza folosind subjonctivul cu forma de infinitiv sau echivalentul de subjonctiv may sau might + infinitivul prezent:

El a intrat in casa fara zgomot, astfel incat sa nu-l aud eu.

Da-te la o parte ca sa vad (astfel incat sa pot vedea) ecranul.

Vorbeste mai tare ca sa te aud (asfel incat sa te pot auzi).

Orice mi-ai spune, nu te pot crede.

Oricat te-ai stradui, nu poti castiga un astfel de concurs.

Oricand te vei intoarce, eu voi fi acasa si te voi astepta.

Oricine ti-ar fi spus asta despre mine, nu ar fi trebuit sa crezi.

Am facut un imprumut ca sa (astfel incat sa) pot sa-mi cumpar casa.

Este posibil ca ea sa fie plecata din oras.

Oricare ar fi motivul, nu ar trebui sa ma minti.

Inlocuiti infinitivele din paranteze cu unul dintre tipurile de subjonctiv sau cu un echivalent de subjonctiv:

I closed the window so that it (not get) too cold.

I closed the window lest (get) too cold.

It is desirable that they (divorce) immediately.

It is impossible that my sister (tell) this to you yesterday.

No matter how/however absent – minded you (be), you should remember your own phone number.

I propose that we (leave) by the 9 o’clock train.

I wish my car (not break down) last week.

He throws money away as if he (be) a rich man.

She speaks about her son as if he (be) a genius.

I’d rather you (retire) as soon as possible.

It is strange that she (leave) the lights on when she left the town.

I have to work hard so that my company (prosper).

The road is wet; drive carefully lest you (have) an accident.

I’ve told you everything so that you (understand) my position.

I suggested that we (take) a taxi.

The doctor recommended that the patient (have) an operation.

All success (attend) you!

I wish I (be) there when it happened.

I have such a boring job; I wish I (find) another.

    If only I (have) a brother or a sister!

LECTIA VIII

MODURILE NEPERSONALE
SI CONSTRUCTIILE VERBALE

    In limba engleza, modurile nepersonale sunt urmatoarele: infinitivul, forma -ing (gerunziul si participiul prezent) si participiul trecut.
    Infinitivul poate avea aspect, diateza si timpuri.
    Diateza activa

o       infinitiv prezent simplu: to call

o       infinitiv prezent continuu: to be calling

o       infinitiv perfect simplu: to have called

o       infinitiv perfect continuu: to have been calling

    Diateza pasiva

o       infinitiv prezent simplu: to be called

o       infinitiv perfect: to have been called

Forma -ing. Atat participiul prezent cat si gerunziul se formeaza prin adaugarea terminatiei -ing la infinitivul verbelor (to call – calling). Participiul prezent si gerunziul pot avea timpuri si diateza.
    Diateza activa

o       nedefinit: calling

o       perfect: having called

    Diateza pasiva

o       nedefinit: being called

o       perfect: having been called

    Participiul trecut se formeaza prin adaugarea terminatiei -ed la verbele regulate; in cazul verbelor neregulate, el reprezinta forma a III-a:

o       to call – called – called

o       to go – went – gone

Constructii cu infinitivul

Acuzativ cu infinitiv

    Consta dintr-un verb urmat de un pronume sau substantiv in acuzativ + un verb la infinitiv.
    Ex. I want you to go now.
    (Vreau ca tu sa pleci acum.)
    Exista cateva tipuri de verbe care accepta acest tip de constructii:

a.     Adverbe exprimand dorinta sau vointa: to want, to wish, to like, to dislike, to hate.
Ex. I’d like him to come with me.
(As vrea ca el sa vina cu mine.)
I want John to do this.
(Vreau ca John sa faca aceasta.)

b.     verbe exprimand perceptia senzoriala: to see, to hear, to feel, to watch. Aceste verbe sunt urmate de infinitivul scurt (fara to).
Ex. I saw him leave the room.
(L-am vazut ca paraseste camera/parasind camera.)

c.      verbe exprimand un ordin, o permisiune sau o cauzalitate: to make, to cause, to allow, to order. Verbele to make si to let sunt urmate de infinitivul scurt (fara to).
Ex. I made him study English.
(L-am facut sa invete engleza.)
I let him go out and play.
(L-am lasat sa iasa afara sa joace fotbal.)
He ordered the door to be locked.
(El a ordonat sa se incuie usa.)

d.     verbe exprimand perceptia mentala: to think, to suppose, to expect, to consider, to understand, to know, to believe.
Ex. I consider him to be a good student.
(Consider ca el este un bun student.)
I expected him to come in time.
(M-am asteptat ca el sa vina la timp.)

e.     verbe declarative: to state, to declare, to admit.
Ex. He admitted the news to be false.
(El a recunoscut ca stirile erau false.)
They declared him to be the man of the year.
(Ei l-au declarat a fi omul anului.)

f.       cu anumite verbe urmate de prepozitii obligatorii: to rely upon/on, to count upon/on .

    Ex. I rely on you to do this.
    (Ma bazez pe tine sa faci aceasta.)

Nominativ cu infinitiv

    Consta dintr-un subiect in nominativ + un verb la diateza pasiva sau activa + un verb la infinitiv.

a.     folosit cu verbe la diateza pasiva: to see, to hear, to know, to say, to believe, to suppose, to expect, to make, to consider.

Ex. He is said to be a good writer.
(Se spune ca el este un bun scriitor.)
Sunt situatii in care Nominativul cu Infinitivut exprima o formulare pasiva a Acuzativului cu Infinitiv:
Ex. I made him study English.
He was made to study English.
I consider him to be a good student.
He is considered to be a good student.
He considered the news to be false.
The news was considered to be false.
They declared him to be the man of the year.
He was declared to be the man of the year.

b.     cu verbele: to happen, to prove, to turn out, to seem, to appear

o       la diateza activa:

    Ex. He proved to be a good journalist.
    (El s-a dovedit a fi un bun jurnalist.)
    I happened to meet him in the street.
    (S-a intamplat sa-l intalnesc pe strada.)
    If I happen to meet him, I will tell him where you are.
    (Daca se va intampla sa-l intalnesc, ii voi spune unde esti.)

Nota: Trebuie remarcat faptul ca expresia impersonala din limba romana se intampla sa este, de obicei, tradusa cu o expresie personala in limba engleza.

a.     cu expresiile: to be sure / likely / unlikely / certain

    Ex. She is sure to come in time.
    (E sigur ca ea va veni la timp.)

Nota: Din nou avem in limba engleza o expresie personala care se traduce in romaneste cu o expresie impersonala. Daca vrem sa traducem expresia personala: „Ea e sigura ca va veni la timp' o redam in modul urmator: „She is sure the she will come in time'.

For – phrase

    Consta din propozitia for + un substantiv sau pronume in acuzativ + un verb la infinitiv.
    Ex. It is easy for me to do this.
    (E usor sa fac asta.)
    This remains for him to decide.
    (Aceasta ramane sa o decida el.)
    It is impossible for him to come.
    (Este imposibil ca el sa vina.)
    It is necessary for me to go there.
    (Este necesar ca eu sa merg acolo.)

Nota: Ultimele doua propozitii se se pot reda in limba engleza si cu ajutorul subjonctivului.

Ex. It is impossible that I (should) come.
    It is necessary that I (should) go there.

Constructii cu participiul prezent

Acuzativ cu participiu
Se foloseste cu verbe exprimand perceptie senzorial: to see, to hear, to watch, to smell, precum si cu verbele to find, to leave.
Ex. I saw him leaving
(L-am vazut plecand.)
I heard her singing.
(Am auzit-o cantand.)
I left / found her crying.
(Am lasat-o / gasit-o plangand.)
In cazul verbelor de perceptie, aceasta constructie este asemanatoare cu Acuzativul cu Infinitiv. Diferenta de sens intre cele doua constructii este urmatoarea: folosirea acuzativului cu infinitiv pune accentul pe actiunea propriu-zisa, in timp ce acuzativul cu participiu arata actiunea in desfasurare.
Astfel: I saw her leave s-ar putea traduce Am vazut-o ca pleaca sau Am vazut-o plecand. In timp ce I saw her leaving se poate traduce numai Am vazut-o plecand.
 

Nominativ cu Participiu
Este pasivul constructiei Acuzativ cu Participiu:
Ex: He was seen leaving.
(El a fost vazut plecand.)
She was heard singing.
(Ea a fost auzita cantand.)
 

Nominativul absolut

    Este o constructie participiala care are un subiect al ei propriu.
    Ex: The classes being over, we went home.
    (Orele fiind terminate, am mers acasa.)
    Weather permitting, we shall go to the beach.
    (Daca vremea va permite, vom merge la plaja.)

Constructie cu participiul trecut

    Este formata din verbul to have sau to get + un complement + participiul trecut.
    Ex: I must have/get mz shoes repaired.
    (Trebuie sa-mi dau pantofii la reparat.)
    I will have my hair done.
    (Voi merge sa ma coafez.)
    Aceasta constructie arata ca actiunea este facuta de catre altcineva spre avantajul sau la ordinul persoanei reprezentate de subiect.
    Este de asemenea sa apara situatii in care actiunea exprimata de participiul trecut este facuta de altcineva in detrimentul persoanei exprimate de subiect.
    Ex. She had two sons killed in the war.
    I-au fost ucisi doi fii in razboi.
    I had my bedroom window broken.
    Cineva mi-a spart geamul din dormitor.

Exercitii cu constructiile verbale

    1. Traduceti in limba engleza folosind constructia Acuzativ cu Infinitiv sau Acuzativ cu Participiu:

M-am asteptat sa vii mai devreme.

El voia ca eu sa-l ajut.

Ea m-a facut sa inteleg ce se intamplase.

Cred ca el e un sot bun.

Am auzit-o certandu-si copilul.

John a recunoscut ca vina era a lui.

Ma bazez pe tine sa-mi imprumuti niste bani.

I-am privit jucand fotbal.

L-am vazut vorbind cu prietena lui.

Mama ar vrea ca eu sa devin doctor.

Inteleg ca ea e o profesoara foarte buna.

Stiam ca el e un om foarte ocupat.

Am vazut cativa copii jucandu-se in parc.

Presupuneam ca el stie sa conduca masina.

El m-a facut sa pierd trenul.

    2. Reformulati urmatoarele propozitii folosind constructia „for-phrase':

    Model:
    This translation is easy. I cam make it.
    This translation is easy for me to make.

This problem is too difficult. I can’t solve it.

This is a good book. You should read it.

This fact is important. You should bear it in mind.

This is a valuable piece of advice. You should take it.

The time has come. We should have a heart to heart talk.

The people were impatient. The match was about to begin.

I have closed the window. I don’t want you to catch a cold.

This is the main thing. We should do it now.

I ordered a taxi. I didn’t want her to miss the train.

This is a strange thing. I can’t believe she said that.

    3. Reformulati urmatoarele fraze cu modul subjonctiv folosind constructia „for-phrase':

    Model:
    It is important that I should know the truth.
    It is important to know the truth.

It is necessary that he be present.

It is recommendable that you should read this book.

It’s time we met again.

It’s time you started learning foreign languages.

It is possible that the plane might be delayed.

It is impossible that he should have said that.

It is possible that I might buy a car.

It is advisable that you should resign.

It is important that you should come to the office, at once.

It is necessary that you should study the matter seriously.

    4. Reformulati urmatoarele fraze cu modul subjonctiv folosind constructia Nominativ cu Infinitiv. Folositi drept subiect pronumele subliniate:

    Model:
    Her parents thought she was a gifted child.
    She was thought to be a gifted child.

It is expected that he will arrive at 2 o’clock.

They heard him repeat it several times.

It seemed that she was satisfied with me.

Everybody. Expected that he would resign.

It was proved that she was a liar.

They said she was ill.

People believed he was a brilliant surgeon.

I thought she was unable to win the contest.

It is sure they have had an argument.

It happened that she made three spelling mistakes in her letter.

5. Treceti la pasiv urmatoarele constructii Acuzativ cu Participiu, transformandu-le in Nominativ cu Participiu:

Model:
    I heard the dog barking.
    The dog was heard barking.
    l. I saw the plane landing.
    2. She heard the baby crying.
    3. I found the boy breaking the window.
    4. I could hear her typing.
    5. I saw her lying on the beach.
    6. I saw her fainting.
    7. I saw the peasants working in the field.
    8. I heard the child breaking the vase.
    9. I found her digging in the garden.
    10. She heard the hunters shooting.

6. Traduceti in limba romana urmatoarele propozitii cu constructia Nominativul absolut:

1. Weather permitting, we shall climb to the top of the mountain.
    2. The rain having stopped, I went shopping.
    3. The concert being over, the audience left the hali.
    4. The plane having taken off, I stopped smoking.
    5. The decision being taken in my favour, I went home relaxed.
    6. The river having risen in the night, we were seared about having floods.
    7. Everybody being at home, we sat down to dinner.
    8. The mud having ruined my shoes, I had to change them.
    9. The letter being written, I went to post it.
    10. The sun having risen, we hurried to the beach.