Prepozitia

1. Introducere

Prepozitia descrie legatura dintre doua cuvinte din aceeasi propozitie. Prepozitiile nu au un inteles de sine statator, ele capata diferie sensuri puse in legatura cu alte cuvinte.

Sa observam catedra profesorului si multitudinea de prepozitii pe care le putem folosi pentru a o descrie:

You can sit before the desk (or in front of the desk). The professor can sit on the desk (when he's being informal) or behind the desk, and then his feet are under the desk or beneath the desk. He can stand beside the desk (meaning next to the desk), before the desk, between the desk and you, or even on the desk (if he's really strange). If he's clumsy, he can bump into the desk or try to walk through the desk (and stuff would fall off the desk). Passing his hands over the desk or resting his elbows upon the desk, he often looks across the desk and speaks of the desk or concerning the desk as if there were nothing else like the desk. Because he thinks of nothing except the desk, sometimes you wonder about the desk, what's in the desk, what he paid for the desk, and if he could live without the desk. You can walk toward the desk, to the desk, around the desk, by the desk, and even past the desk while he sits at the desk or leans against the desk.

Cuvintele evidentiate sunt toate prepozitii.

In limba engleza nu se va termina niciodata o propozitie cu o prepozitie.

2. Prepozitii de timp: at, on, in

At se foloseste pentru a desemna ora exacta
Ex.: The train is due at 12:15 p.m.

On indica zilele si datele calendaristice
Ex.: My brother is coming on Monday.
  We're having a party on the Fourth of July.

In se foloseste pentru a desemna ore imprecise din timpul zilei, cat si luna, anotimpul, anul.
Ex.: She likes to jog in the morning.
  It's too cold in winter to run outside.
  He started the job in 1971.
  He's going to quit in August.

2. Prepozitii de loc: at, on, in

At se foloseste cu adrese exacte.
Ex.: Grammar English lives at 55 Boretz Road in Durham.

On desemneaza numele de strazi, sosele, bulevarde, alei, etc.
Ex.: Her house is on Boretz Road.

In se foloseste cu numele regiunilor (orase, judete, tari, state, continente).
Ex.: She lives in Durham.
  Durham is in Windham County.
  Windham County is in Connecticut.

Prepozitii de loc: in, at, on si lipsa prepozitiei

IN

AT

ON

lipsa prepozitiei

(the) bed*
the bed
room
the car
(the) class*
the library*
school*

class*
home
the library*
the office
school*
work

Lucrare: Lucian Blaga si Sufletul satului - literatura Proiect: Publius terentius afer - opera

the bed*
the ceiling
the floor
the horse
the plane
the train

downstairs
downtown
inside
outside
upstairs
uptown

* In diverse circumstante se pot folosi prepozitii diferite pentru aceste locuri.

3. Prepozitii de miscare: to si lipsa prepozitiei

To se foloseste pentru a exprima deplasarea, miscarea catre un loc.
Ex.: They were driving to work together.
  She's going to the dentist's office this morning.

Toward si towards exprima de asemenea miscarea.
Acestea doua sunt doar variantele ortografice ale aceluiasi cuvant si se pot folosi indiferent.
Ex.: We're moving toward the light.
  This is a big step towards the project's completion.

Cu urmatoarele cuvinte: home, downtown, uptown, inside, outside, downstairs, upstairs, nu se folosesc prepozitii.
Ex.: Grandma went upstairs Grandpa went home.
  They both went outside.

4. Prepozitii de timp: for si since

For se foloseste atunci cand se masoara timpul (secunde, minute, ore, zile, luni, ani).
Ex.: He held his breath for seven minutes.
  She's lived there for seven years.
  The British and Irish have been quarreling for seven centuries.

Since se foloseste cu data sau ora exacta.
Ex.: He's worked here since 1970.
  She's been sitting in the waiting room since two-thirty.

5. Prepozitii cu substantive, adjective si verbe

Numeroase substantive, adjective si mai ales verbe se folosesc corect numai insotite de prepozitiile care le intregesc sensul.

SUBSTANTIVELE si PREPOZITIILE

approval of
awareness of
belief in
concern for
confusion about
desire for

fondness for
grasp of
hatred of
hope for
interest in
love of

need for
participation in
reason for
respect for
success in
understanding of

ADJECTIVELE si PREPOZITIILE

afraid of
angry at
aware of
capable of
careless about
familiar with

fond of
happy about
interested in
jealous of
made of
married to

proud of
similar to
sorry for
sure of
tired of
worried about

VERBELE si PREPOZITIILE

apologize for
ask about
ask for
belong to
bring up
care for
find out

give up
grow up
look for
look forward to
look up
make up
pay for

prepare for
study for
talk about
think about
trust in
work for
worry about

Combinatia dintre verbe si prepozitii se numeste verb frazal (vezi 6.4.Verbe frazale).

6. Expresii idiomatice cu prepozitii

• agree to a proposal, with a person, on a price, in principle
• argue about a matter, with a person, for or against a proposition
• compare to to show likenesses, with to show differences (sometimes similarities)
• correspond to a thing, with a person
• differ from an unlike thing, with a person
• live at an address, in a house or city, on a street, with other people

7. Prepozitii inutile

In vorbirea de zi cu zi se folosesc incorect prepozitii acolo unde ele nu isi au rostul. Observa urmatoarele exemple:
Ex.: She met up with the new coach in the hallway.
  The book fell off of the desk.
  He threw the book out of the window.
  She wouldn't let the cat inside of the house. (sau folositi 'in')
  Where did they go to?
  Put the lamp in back of the couch. (se va folosi 'behind')
  Where is your college at?

Completeaza urmatoarele propozitii cu at, in sau on:

They live ___ in Coronation Street ___ number 32.
Jack works ___ Oxford ___ the University.
I've left my briefcase ___ the office. I think I left it ___ the chair ___the corner.
Meet me ___ the bus-stop ___ the end of Bristol Road.
They live ___ Seal, a small village ___ the road to Folkestone.

Completeaza urmatorul text cu prepozitiile care lipsesc:

It was ___ the evening ____ Friday 29th March ___ Tribeca, New York. Police patrolman Swaine and assistant patrolman Bradley were driving ___ 3rd Avenue. Swaine stopped the patrol car, which was new and shinning, ___ an electrical store. He needed some batteries. He got ___ and went ___ the store; but he left the keys ___ the car because Bradley stayed ___ the car. Swaine looked ___ the street. It was crowded ___ early evening shoppers. It was brightly lit and lively.

Tradu pasajul de mai sus in limba romana.