Introduction

We all lived that wonderful period of life when nothing and nobody seemed to make us sad, when the only worry was to sleep at night and especially to resist until our grandparents or parents finished reading the stories. But now, we do not have that age anymore and there are moments when we try to find it again but we lose ourselves in daily things and let the innocence's world somewhere at the bottom of priority list.

I have chosen this theme because I think there is still a place in this world in which all the childhood's dreams seem to be born again and where we feel very happy. That place is certainly DISNEYLAND. In addition, I found it interesting because I think Disneyland is a charming land where you got into a special world, a world of stories that never stop to surprise you, a world where imagination surpasses any limits, a world of childhood. No matter what your age is, you simply became a child again. Although many may say that the place is still an element from the invented tradition of American people, I think it draws your attention from the first moment you hear about it and that is why I see Disneyland a place that you can hardly describe. From my point of view, nothing compares to the feeling of going to a very different world, each of us becoming one Alice in Wonderland.

I hope I will find out interesting things about Disneyland such as: who was the man who came out with this idea and, why not, some historical things. Moreover, my mainly purpose is to discover what activities are to be done in a day in this park or if there is any limit of age for the visitors.

History

'To all who come to this happy place: -Welcome- Disneyland is your land. Here age relives fond memories of the past and here youth may savor the challenge and promise of the future. Disneyland is dedicated to the ideals, the dreams, and the hard facts that have created America with the hope that it will be a source of joy and inspiration to the entire world.'

-Walter E. Disney, July 17, 1955 4:43pm

2.1 Concept and construction

The concept for Disneyland began one Sunday, when Walt Disney was visiting Griffith Park with his daughters Diane and Sharon. While watching his daughters ride the Merry-Go-Round he came up with the idea of a place where adults and their children could go and have fun together. His dream would lie dormant for many years. Walt Disney also may have been influenced by his memories of the World's Columbian Exposition of 1893 in Chicago. His father had worked at the Exposition. The Midway Pleasance there included a cheaply constructed set of individual 'country' areas from around the world and others representing various time periods of man; it also included many 'rides' including the first Ferris wheel, a 'sky' ride, a passenger train that circled the perimeter, and a Wild West Show. Although the 1893 World's Fair was meant only to last one summer in Chicago, the Disneyland of 60 years later, located in the mild Southern California climate, bears some striking resemblances to it.

While many people had written letters to Walt Disney about visiting the Disney Studio, he realized that a functional movie studio had little to offer to the visiting fans. This began to foster ideas of building a site near his Burbank studios for tourists to visit. His ideas then evolved to a small play park with a boat ride and other themed areas. Walt's initial concept, his 'Mickey Mouse Park', started with an 8 acres (0.012 sq mi; 0.032 km²) plot across Riverside Drive. Walt started to visit other parks for inspiration and ideas, including Tivoli Gardens, Greenfield Village, The Efteling, Tilburg, Playland, and Children's Fairyland. He started his designers working on concepts, but these would grow into a project much larger than could be contained in 3,24 hectares (32,000 m²). Walt hired a consultant, Harrison Price from Stanford Research Institute, to gauge the proper area to locate the theme park based on the area's potential growth. With the report from Price, Disney acquired 64,75 hectares (0.250 sq mi; 0.647 km²) of orange groves and walnut trees in Anaheim, southeast of Los Angeles in neighboring Orange County.

Difficulties in obtaining funding prompted Disney to investigate new methods of fundraising. He decided to use television to get the ideas into people's homes, and so he created a show named Disneyland, which was broadcast on the then-fledgling ABC television network. In return, the network agreed to help finance the new park. For the first five years of its operation, Disneyland was owned by Disneyland, Inc., which was jointly owned by Walt Disney Productions, Walt Disney, Western Publishing and. In 1960 Walt Disney Productions purchased ABC's share (it had earlier bought out Western Publishing and Walt Disney). In addition, many of the shops on Main Street, U.S.A. were owned and operated by other companies who rented space from Disney.

Construction began on July 16, 1954 and would cost USD$ 17 million to complete, and was opened exactly one year later. U.S. Route 101 (later Interstate 5) was under construction at the same time just to the north of the site; in preparation for the traffic which Disneyland was expected to bring, two more lanes were added to the freeway even before the park was finished.

1955: Opening day

An aerial view of Disneyland in 1956. The entire route of the Disneyland Railroad is clearly visible as it encircles the park.

Disneyland Park was opened to the public on Monday, July 18, 1955. However, a special 'International Press Preview' event was held on Sunday, July 17, 1955, which was only open to invited guests and the media. The Special Sunday events, including the dedication, were televised nationwide and anchored by three of Walt Disney's friends from Hollywood: Art Linkletter, Bob Cummings, and Ronald Reagan. ABC broadcast the event live on its network; at the time, it was one of the largest and most complex live broadcasts ever.

The event did not go smoothly. The park was overcrowded as the by-invitation-only affair was plagued with counterfeit tickets. Only 11,000 people were expected to show up, but a staggering 28,154 was the eventual population. Movie stars and other famous figures scheduled to come every two hours showed up all at once. All major roads nearby were empty. The temperature was an unusually high 101 °F (38 °C), and a plumbers' strike left many of the park's drinking fountains dry. Disney was given a choice of having working fountains or running toilets and he chose the latter. This, however, generated negative publicity since Pepsi sponsored the park's opening; disappointed guests believed the inoperable fountains were a cynical way to sell soda. The asphalt that had been poured just that morning was so soft that ladies' high-heeled shoes sank into it. Vendors ran out of food. A gas leak in Fantasyland caused Adventureland, Frontierland, and Fantasyland to close for the afternoon. Some parents were seen throwing their children over the shoulders of crowds to get them onto rides such as the King Arthur Carrousel.

The park got such bad press for the 'International Press Preview' that Walt Disney invited attendees back for a private 'second day' to experience Disneyland properly. In later years Walt and his 1955 executives referred to July 17, 1955 as 'Black Sunday'. Today, cast members wear pin badges on July 17 stating how many years it has been since the 1955 opening. But for the first decade or so, Disney officially stated that opening day was on July 18, 1955. For example, a 1967 Disneyland press release referred to July 17, 1955, as 'Dedication Day' and not 'Opening Day.'

On Monday July 18, crowds started to gather in line as early as 2 a.m., and the first person to buy a ticket and enter the park was David MacPherson with admission ticket number 2, as Roy O. Disney arranged to pre-purchase ticket number 1. Walt Disney had an official photo taken with two children, Christine Vess Watkins (age 5 in 1955) and Michael Schwartner (age 7 in 1955); the photo of the three carries an inaccurate caption identifying the children as the first two guests of Disneyland. Watkins and Schwartner both received lifetime passes to Disneyland that day, and MacPherson was awarded one shortly thereafter, which was later expanded to every single Disney-owned park in the world.

In September 1959, Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev spent thirteen days in the United States. On his visit, Khrushchev had two requests: to visit Disneyland and to meet John Wayne, Hollywood's top box-office draw. Due to the Cold War tension and security concerns, he was famously denied an excursion to Disneyland.

2.3 1990s transition: Park becomes Resort

In the late 1990s, work began to expand on the one-park, one-hotel property. Disneyland Park, the Disneyland Hotel and the site of the original parking lot as well as acquired surrounding properties were earmarked to become part of a greater vacation resort development. The new components of this resort were to be another theme park, Disney's California Adventure Park; a shopping, dining and entertainment complex, Downtown Disney; a remodeled Disneyland Hotel; Disney's Grand Californian Hotel; and the acquisition of the Pan Pacific Hotel (later to be remodeled and renamed Disney's Paradise Pier Hotel). Because the existing parking lot (south of Disneyland) was built upon by these projects, the six-level 10,250 space 'Mickey and Friends' parking structure was constructed in the northwest corner of the property, at the time of its completion in 2000, it was the largest parking structure in the United States.

The park's management team during the mid-1990s was a source of controversy among Disneyland fans and employees. In an effort to boost profits, various changes began by then-executives Cynthia Harriss and Paul Pressler. While their actions provided a short-term increase in shareholder returns, they drew widespread criticism from employees and guests alike for the lack of foresight. With the retail background of Harriss and Pressler, Disneyland's focus gradually shifted from attractions to merchandising. Outside consultants McKinsey & Co were also brought in to help streamline operations, which resulted in many changes and cutbacks. After nearly a decade of deferred maintenance, Walt Disney's original theme park was showing visible signs of neglect. Fans of the park decried the perceived decline in customer value and park quality and rallied for the dismissal of the management team.

2.4 Disneyland in the 21st Century

Matt Ouimet, formerly the president of the Disney Cruise Line, was promoted to assume leadership of the Disneyland Resort in late 2003. Shortly afterward, he selected Greg Emmer as Senior Vice President of Operations. Emmer is a long-time Disney cast member who had worked at Disneyland in his youth prior to moving to Florida and holding multiple executive leadership positions at the Walt Disney World Resort. Ouimet quickly set about reversing certain trends, especially about cosmetic maintenance and a return to the original infrastructure maintenance schedule, in hopes of restoring the safety record of the past. Much like Walt Disney himself, Ouimet and Emmer could often be seen walking the park during business hours with members of their respective staff. They wore cast member name badges, stood in line for attractions and welcomed comments from guests.

In July 2006, Matt Ouimet announced that he would be leaving The Walt Disney Company to become president of Starwood Hotels & Resorts Worldwide. Soon after this announcement, Ed Grier, executive managing director of Walt Disney Attractions Japan, was named president of the Disneyland Resort. Greg Emmer retired from his job on February 8, 2008.

50th Anniversary

The Happiest Homecoming on Earth was the eighteen-month-long celebration (held through 2005 and 2006) of the fiftieth anniversary of the Disneyland theme park, which opened on July 17, 1955. The Happiest Celebration on Earth commemorated fifty years of Disney theme parks, and celebrated Disneyland's milestone throughout Disney parks all over the globe. In 2004, the park undertook a number of major renovation projects in preparation for its fiftieth anniversary celebration. Many classic attractions were restored, notably Space Mountain, Jungle Cruise, and Walt Disney's Enchanted Tiki Room  Attractions that had been in the park on opening day in 1955 had one ride vehicle painted Gold, and there were Golden Mickey Ears throughout the Park. The 50th Anniversary celebration started on May 5, 2005 (To play on the 5-5-05 date) and ended on September 30, 2006 to be replaced by the Disney Parks 'Year of a Million Dreams' celebration, which actually lasted 27 months and ended on December 31, 2008.

55th Anniversary

Starting on 1 January, 2010, Disney Parks hosted the Give a Day, Get a Disney Day volunteer program in which Disney encouraged people of all ages to volunteer with a participating Disney Charity and receive a free Disney Day at either the Disneyland Resort in California or the Walt Disney World Resort in Florida. On March 9, 2010, Disney announced that it has reached its goal of one million volunteers and ended the promotion to anyone who had not yet registered and signed up for a specific volunteer situation.

Lands of Disneyland

The park is divided into realms, which radiate like the four cardinal points of the compass from Central Plaza, and well-concealed backstage areas. On entering a realm, a guest is completely immersed in the environment and is unable to see or hear any other realm. The idea behind this was to develop theatrical 'stages' with seamless passages from one land to the next. The public areas occupy approximately 34,40 hectares (0.133 sq mi; 0.344 km²). When the park initially opened, it consisted of five themed areas:

Main Street, U.S.A., an early 20th century Midwest town based on Walt Disney's childhood

Adventureland, featuring jungle-themed adventures

Frontierland, illustrating western frontier

Fantasyland, bringing fantasy into a reality

Tomorrowland, looking into the future.

Since the initial opening, additional areas have been added:

In 1957, Holidayland, a 3,64 hectares (0.014 sq mi; 0.036 km²) recreation area including a circus and baseball diamond, which was closed in late 1961.

In 1966, New Orleans Square, based on 19th century New Orleans

In 1972, 'Bear Country', themed to the mountain forests of the South. It was later renamed Critter Country and themed around Splash Mountain's Song of the South elements.

In 1993, Mickey's Toontown, themed around the Toontown seen in the film Who Framed Roger Rabbit

An elevated berm supports a narrow gauge railroad, which circumnavigates the park. Disney's California Adventure Park was added in what used to be a Disneyland parking lot.

3.1 Main Street, U.S.A

Main Street, U.S.A. is the first 'themed land' inside the entrance of the many Magic Kingdom-style parks run by The Walt Disney Company around the world. Each Main Street, U.S.A. (except Tokyo Disneyland) has a train station above the entrance. At Disneyland, Disneyland Paris and Hong Kong Disneyland, Sleeping Beauty Castle stands in the distance beyond the end of the street. At the Magic Kingdom and Tokyo Disneyland, Cinderella Castle stands at the end.

Main Street, U.S.A. is home to City Hall, in which the Guest Relations office is located. Further, along Main Street, the names painted in the windows on Main Street serve as credits for some of the many people, Imagineers and others, who contributed in some way to the creation of Disneyland. Largely they appear as fictional businesses (gyms, realtors, dentists), and they often refer to a hobby or interest that the person honored. Ub Iwerks's window, for example, refers to his prowess with cameras. For Disneyland's 50th anniversary, on July 17, 2005, a first-story window on each Main Street was unveiled with a dedication to all the cast members (employees) who had worked for Disney throughout the years. The streets are paved with resilient asphalt to prevent aching of feet. Inspired by Walt Disney's hometown of Marceline, Missouri (as in the film Lady and the Tramp), Main Street, U.S.A. is designed to resemble the center of a turn-of-the-century (c. 1908) American town. According to Harper Goff, who worked on Main Street, U.S.A. with Walt, he showed Walt some photos of his childhood home of Fort Collins, Colorado. Walt liked the look, and so many of the features of the town were incorporated into Main Street, U.S.A.

Walt Disney said, 'For those of us who remember the carefree time it recreates, Main Street will bring back happy memories. For younger visitors, it is an adventure in turning back the calendar to the days of their grandfather's youth.' Above the firehouse at Disneyland is Walt Disney's personal apartment, fully furnished but off-limits to the public. A lamp is kept burning in the front window as a tribute to his memory, except at Christmas where a small tannenbaum replaces the lamp. It is largely decorated for both Halloween and Christmas.

There is a 60-foot-tall (18 m) Christmas tree during Christmas Time, and there is a 16-foot-high (4.9 m) Mickey Mouse jack-o-lantern on Halloween Time, with additional pumpkin ears. In the circular hub in front of the Sleeping Beauty Castle, the bronze 'Partners' statue of Walt Disney and Mickey Mouse is surrounded by smaller bronzes of familiar Disney characters, such as Donald Duck and the White Rabbit from Alice in Wonderland.

'Partners,' sculpted by Blaine Gibson, was added in 1993. During the Halloween season, pumpkin busts for each themed land in the park, except Main Street, are seen around 'Partners.' It is listed as a real street in the Orange County Thomas Guide.

Attractions

Disneyland Railroad

Main Street Cinema

Main Street Vehicles

The Disneyland Story presenting Great Moments with Mr. Lincoln

Restaurants

Blue Ribbon Bakery

Carnation Café

Gibson Girl Ice Cream Parlor

Main Street Cone Shop

Plaza Inn

Refreshment Corner

Shopping

Emporium

Candy Palace

China Closet

Disneyana

Penny Arcade

Newsstand

Disney Showcase

Main Street Pin Shop

Main Street Magic Shop

New Century Jewelry

20th Century Music Company

Former attractions

Main Street Shooting Gallery

Babes in Toyland Exhibit

Legacy of Walt Disney

Disneyland Presents a Preview of Coming Attractions

The Walt Disney Story

3.2 Adventureland

Adventureland is one of the 'themed lands' at the many Magic Kingdom-style parks run by The Walt Disney Company around the world. It is themed to resemble the remote jungles in Africa, Asia, the Middle East, desert islands, South America, and the South Pacific. 'To create a land that would make this dream reality', said Walt Disney, 'we pictured ourselves far from civilization, in the remote jungles of Asia and Africa.'

Adventureland provides a 1950s view of exotic adventure, capitalizing on the post-war Tiki craze. Lush vegetation resembles jungles while elements of the "other" surround the visitor. Tribal performance masks, Congo drums, non-American totem poles, exotic animal statues, and architecture of Pacific influence make for a confined area wherein industry and technology take a back seat to uncharted nature. Noted art historian David T. Doris explains Adventureland as, "a pastiche of imaginary colonial spaces, conflated within the green and foliate milieu of 'the Jungle.

Disneyland's Adventureland was originally envisioned as True-Life Adventureland, and was to be based on Walt's famous award winning nature documentaries on Africa and Asia. The land was originally supposed to have real animals from Africa to inhabit a jungle river, but after zoologists told Walt the real animals would lie around or hide, the imaginers built mechanical animals instead. Adventureland opened with the Jungle Cruise as its star attraction, until the Swiss Family Treehouse was added years later. With the groundbreaking technology of audio animatronics, Walt Disney's Enchanted Tiki Room was added nearby the land's entry bridge.

Many years later Indiana Jones Adventure was added with the expansion of Adventureland and gave the entire land a 1930's theme, which concurs with the setting created by the rustic boats of the Jungle Cruise and it's DJ Albert Awol who plays big band music from the 1930s. The Swiss Family Treehouse was redone and made Tarzan's Treehouse and Adventureland has remained the same since, until 2008 with the new summer event, Indiana Jones and the Summer of Hidden Mysteries.

This event will feature a new archaeologist site where kids can uncover artifacts and treasure, new lines for the Jungle Cruise about Indy wandering through the jungle with several evident facts of his adventure shown throughout, new things added to the Indiana Jones Adventure queue (plus a possible refurbishment of the attraction), a street show where Indiana Jones meets up with an enemy who holds a map to the Temple of the Forbidden Eye that the other one wants which results in a special effect and stunt oriented show through Adventureland resulting with things like fire, chasing, pushing through crowds, falling off balconies and roofs, climbing up buildings and trees, a gun fight, and many other stunts, and finally guests will be given maps of Adventureland giving clues and hints to hidden secrets of the jungle.

Attractions

Tarzan's Treehouse

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Jungle Cruise

Indiana Jones Adventure: Temple of the Forbidden Eye

Walt Disney's Enchanted Tiki Room

Restaurants

Bengal Barbecue

Tiki Juice Bar

Shopping

Adventureland Bazaar

South Seas Traders

Indiana Jones Adventure Outpost

Tropical Imports

Former Attractions

Aladdin's Oasis Dinner Show

Swiss Family Treehouse

New Orleans Square

New Orleans Square is a themed land found exclusively at Disneyland, though a similarly themed area can be found within Tokyo Disneyland's Adventureland. Based on 19th-century New Orleans, it was the first new land to be added to Disneyland after the park's opening. The land was opened to the public on July 24, 1966. The name is a bit of a misnomer, since the area does not resemble a square so much as an intricate series of 'streets' that weave around shops, restaurants, and the first Pirates of the Caribbean show building.

Attractions

Pirates of the Caribbean

Princess Tiana's Mardi Gras Celebration

Haunted Mansion

Disneyland Railroad

Restaurants

French Market Restaurant

Mint Julep Bar (non-alcoholic)

Café Orleans

Royal Street Veranda

Club 33

Blue Bayou Restaurant

Shops

Port Royal

Le Bat en Rouge

Jewel of Orleans (Now Closed)

L'Ornement Magique

Royal Street Sweets

Pieces of Eight

3.4 Frontierland

Frontierland is one of the 'themed lands' at the many Magic Kingdom-style parks run by Disney around the world. Themed to the American west in the 1800s, Frontierlands are home to cowboys and pioneers, saloons, red rock buttes and gold rushes. Every instance of Frontierland has a Big Thunder Mountain Railroad, and a stretch of riverfront. Other attractions sometimes found in this land include Splash Mountain, the Country Bear Jamboree, Tom Sawyer Island, and a steam-powered riverboat.

Frontierland first appeared in Disneyland as one of five original themed lands. Conceived by Walt Disney, the land did not initially contain many attractions, but centered around open expanses of wilderness which could be traversed by guests via stagecoach, pack mules and walking trails. The Mine Train Thru Nature's Wonderland opened in 1960, consisting of a sedate train ride around various western landscape dioramas. The Mine Train closed in 1977 to make way for a new attraction; the Big Thunder Mountain Railroad, which opened in 1979.

Disneyland also once had a Marshal's office, honoring Waillard P. Bounds, Walt's father-in-law, who was actually a U. S. Marshal. Disneyland's Frontierland gateway is constructed of ponderosa pine logs. The land's long shoreline along the Rivers of America is considered a prime viewing location for the nighttime Fantasmic! show. The docks to both the Mark Twain Riverboat and the Sailing Ship Columbia, (a replica of American explorer Robert Gray's 18th century ship that circumnavigated the globe) are located here, and Tom Sawyer Island in the river's center is also considered a property of Frontierland

Frontierland's buildings have lots of detail too. On the roof of the Westward Ho Trading Co., there are elk or deer anlters. Elk antlers were commonly placed on general stores in the old west so cowboys coming into town immediately new where to get supplies. Also in Frontierland is a building that has a large sign that says 'Laod Bhang Co. Fireworks Factory'. Plus, at the storefront marked 'Crockett and Russel Hat Co.', you'll find a window honoring Fess Parker, who played Davy Crockett in Walt Disney's Davy Crockett. Frontierland borders Fantasyland (via the Big Thunder Trail), New Orleans Square and Adventureland, and connects to the Central Plaza through an iconic set of fort-style gates.

Attractions

Big Thunder Mountain Railroad

Pirate's Lair on Tom Sawyer Island

Frontierland Shooting Exposition

Mark Twain Riverboat

Rafts to Tom Sawyer Island

Sailing Ship Columbia

Big Thunder Ranch

The Golden Horseshoe Stage

Fantasmic!

Shopping

Bonanza Outfitters

Westward Ho Trading Company

Pioneer Mercantile

Former Attractions

Mike Fink Keel Boats

Golden Horseshoe Saloon

Davy Crockett Museum

Mule Pack

Stage Coach

Conestoga Wagons

Rainbow Caverns Mine Train

Mine Train Through Nature's Wonderland

Mineral Hall

Indian War Canoes

Indian Village

Little Patch of Heaven Petting Farm

Big Thunder Mountain Railroad

Country Bear Jamboree

Frontierland Shootin' Arcade

3.5 Critter Country

Critter Country is one of the 'themed lands' at the Disneyland and Tokyo Disneyland parks run by The Walt Disney Company.

The area now known as Critter Country was first called the Indian Village and featured Native American shows and attractions, including the Indian War Canoes. In 1972, it became Bear Country, a land themed to the forests of the Pacific Northwest. It was home to the new Country Bear Jamboree. Bear Country was renamed to Critter Country in 1988 in anticipation of Splash Mountain's January 1989 opening. In 2003, the Country Bear Jamboree was replaced with The Many Adventures of Winnie the Pooh. Critter Country is also home to the Davy Crockett's Explorer Canoes.

On rooves of buildings, for example the Briar Patch Store, there are small-scale critter houses of Winnie the Pooh and Piglet. Random types of trees have been planted to create a foresty atmosphere. Critter Country is somewhat small when compared to Disneyland's larger lands. This westernmost area features a single pathway that wraps around the footprint of Splash Mountain, starting near the Haunted Mansion and terminating in a series of shops nestled against the Splash Mountain show building.

Attractions

Splash Mountain

The Many Adventures of Winnie the Pooh

Davy Crockett's Explorer Canoes

Restaurants

Hungry Bear Restaurant

Critter Country Fruit Cart

Shopping

Pooh Corner

Briar Patch

Professor Barnaby Owl's Photographic Art Studio

. The only other attraction in this area is the Beaver Brothers Explorer Canoes (formerly Davy Crockett's Explorer Canoes in Westernland). Because of the land's small size and the popularity of Splash Mountain, Critter Country is extremely crowded throughout the day. The Country Bear Jamboree is located in Westernland.

Fantasyland

Fantasyland is one of the 'themed lands' at the many Magic Kingdom-style parks run by The Walt Disney Company around the world. Each Fantasyland has a castle as well as several gentle rides themed after Disney movies. In the words of Walt Disney: 'Fantasyland is dedicated to the young at heart and to those who believe that when you wish upon a star, your dreams come true.'

Fantasyland is one of the themed lands at Disneyland Park. Fantasyland at the original Disneyland features a central courtyard dominated by King Arthur's Carrousel, in front of which sits a sword in an anvil; several times each day a costumed Merlin helps a child pull the sword from it. Walt Disney said, 'What youngster has not dreamed of flying with Peter Pan over moonlit London, or tumbling into Alice's nonsensical Wonderland? In Fantasyland, these classic stories of everyone's youth have become realities for youngsters - of all ages - to participate in.'

In 1983, Fantasyland received a major facelift (dubbed 'New Fantasyland') and the attraction facades changed from a Renaissance motif to a fantasy mock up of a Bavarian village. Fantasyland's main entrance is through Sleeping Beauty Castle. The entrance also contains a separate walk through attraction that opened in 1957 but was closed from 2001-2008 for security concerns after the September 11, 2001 attacks.

The new attraction re-opened in May of 2008. The plaque in the castle courtyard marks the spot where the Disneyland Time Capsule is buried. Sealed on the 40th anniversary of the park, it contains different things from Disney parks history. It is scheduled to open in the year 2035, 40 more years after it was first sealed. The 'Fantasy in the Sky Fireworks' show was introduced in 1956, but Tinkerbell's first flight wasn't until 1961. The first Tinkerbell was Tiny Kline, former circus aerialist.

Attractions

Snow White's Scary Adventures

Snow White Grotto

Pinocchio's Daring Journey

Dumbo the Flying Elephant

Casey Jr. Circus Train

Mr. Toad's Wild Ride

Alice in Wonderland

Mad Tea Party

Peter Pan's Flight

Sleeping Beauty Castle

King Arthur Carrousel

Pixie Hollow

Bibbidi Bobbidi Boutique

Disney Princess Fantasy Faire

It's a Small World

Matterhorn Bobsleds

Storybook Land Canal Boats

Restaurants

Village Haus Restaurant

Enchanted Cottage, Sweets and Treats

Shopping

The Mad Hatter

Bibbidi Bobbidi Boutique

Le Petit Chalet

Fantasy Faire Gifts

The Castle Heraldry Shop

3.7 Mickey's Toontown

Mickey's Toontown is one of the 'themed lands' at the Disneyland park run by The Walt Disney Company. At Tokyo Disneyland, this area is named Toontown. A similar area at the Magic Kingdom is named Mickey's Toontown Fair. It also spun off an online role-playing game called Toontown Online, which first released in 2003. The online game is similar to Mickey's Toontown.

Roger Rabbit was recognized as a lucrative character by Disney after the release of Who Framed Roger Rabbit, and an ambitious set of attractions based on the movie was developed for Disney theme parks. Roger Rabbit was even set to be the star of his own land, behind Main Street, U.S.A. at Disneyland, called Hollywoodland. Meanwhile, over at the Magic Kingdom, a new land behind Fantasyland was being developed in honor of Mickey Mouse's sixtieth birthday, aptly named Mickey's Birthdayland. There were also set to be attractions based on Roger Rabbit, Judge Doom and Baby Herman opening in a major expansion at the Disney's Hollywood Studios and Tokyo Disneyland, but after the financial disaster of the Euro Disney Resort, plans were dramatically cut back.

Hollywoodland was canceled, and was combined with the idea of Mickey's Birthdayland as well as a concept found in Who Framed Roger Rabbit, to form Mickey's Toontown, which opened in 1993 behind Fantasyland at Disneyland. The attractions at Disney-MGM Studios were canceled, but an exact replica of Mickey's Toontown opened at Tokyo Disneyland in 1996. The only resort that does not contain a 'Toontown' or 'Toon Studio' is Hong Kong Disneyland.

Mickey's Toontown opened in Disneyland on January 24, 1993. The area is themed on the Toontown seen in the film Who Framed Roger Rabbit, and resembles a set from a Max Fleischer cartoon. The buildings are stylized and colorful. There are several attractions involving classic cartoon characters, such as the 'houses' of Mickey and Minnie Mouse, and a small children's coaster. There are a few interactive gags. Compared to other Disneyland areas however, there are few large or technically complex rides or shows, and the houses themselves appeal primarily as playhouses for small children.

Attractions

Mickey's House and Meet Mickey

Minnie's House

Goofy's Playhouse

Donald's Boat

Chip 'n Dale's Treehouse

Roger Rabbit's Car Toon Spin

Disneyland Railroad

Gadget's Go Coaster

Shopping

Gag Factory

3.8 Tommorrowland

Tomorrowland is one of the many themed lands at the five 'Magic Kingdom-style' theme parks around the world owned or licensed by The Walt Disney Company. Each version of the land is different and features numerous attractions that depict views of the future. Disneyland Park (Paris) includes a similar area called Discoveryland, which shares some elements with other Tomorrowlands but emphasizes Jules Verne-inspired visions of a future that never came to fruition.

Walt Disney was known for his futurist views and, through his television programs, showed the American public how the world was moving into the future. Tomorrowland was the realized culmination of his views. In his own words: 'Tomorrow can be a wonderful age. Our scientists today are opening the doors of the Space Age to achievements that will benefit our children and generations to come. The Tomorrowland attractions have been designed to give you an opportunity to participate in adventures that are a living blueprint of our future.'

It is this movement into the future that has, on occasion, left Tomorrowland mired in the past. Disneyland's Tomorrowland is now in its third generation, and the Magic Kingdom's Tomorrowland is in its second. The Walt Disney Company has mentioned that it wanted to keep Tomorrowland from becoming 'Yesterdayland'. As a self-referential joke along this line, Disney's 2007 film Meet the Robinsons (which is set mainly in the year 2037) features an amusement park called Todayland, which has rides that look remarkably like Space Mountain and Disneyland's original Rocket Jets.

The first Tomorrowland opened at Disneyland on July 17, 1955, with only several of its planned attractions open, due to budget cuts. Because the construction of the park was rushed, Tomorrowland was the last land to be finished. It became something of a corporate showcase, despite Walt Disney's reluctance. Monsanto Company, American Motors, Richfield Oil, and Dutch Boy Paint were some of the many companies to open showcases in Tomorrowland in the first few years.

Since the park was on a strict budget, one cost-cutting idea was to reuse the sets of the Nautilus from Disney's 1954 movie 20,000 Leagues Under the Sea as a walkthrough attraction. This remained open until 1966. For the first four years, most of Tomorrowland was generally open space and considered to be very corporate-fueled. However, the area gained more attractions as time passed, many of which have since been removed.

Tomorrowland's showpiece was the TWA Moonliner, derived from Disney's 'Man In Space' television episodes developed in the 1950s. The Moonliner was the tallest structure in the park at the time, even taller than the park icon Sleeping Beauty Castle. Autopia, an opening-day attraction, gave visitors a view of the National Interstate System that was to be built in the future. The attraction still remains open today, though it has been modified and rebuilt several times.

In 1957, the Monsanto House of the Future, a plastic house with four wings cantilevered from a central plinth, was built. This was similar to precursors at previous World's Fairs, though those were simply homes furnished with modern conveniences and aimed at housewives. Disneyland's attraction displayed conveniences such as picture phones and television remote controls, and it introduced many people to their first microwave oven.

In 1959, three major attractions, the park's first billed E-ticket attractions, opened at Tomorrowland. These were the Disneyland Monorail, Submarine Voyage, and the Matterhorn (which later became part of Fantasyland). These additions were collectively so large in scope that they were televised as the second opening of Disneyland. New attractions came and some went as Walt Disney focused his efforts on the 1964-65 New York World's Fair. After the Fair closed, he turned his attention to a new Tomorrowland and the Florida Project, which would later become Walt Disney World.

Walt Disney died in December 1966, almost seven months before the new Tomorrowland would open. In 1967, the area was completely rebuilt with new attractions and scenery. The original layout was demolished, and a new set of buildings were erected. The addition of the Carousel of Progress, Adventure Thru Inner Space, an improved and larger Circle-Vision auditorium, Flight to the Moon, and the PeopleMover helped give Tomorrowland its 'World on the Move' theme. In 1973, 'The World on the Move' began to change.

General Electric decided to close Carousel of Progress, which would later reopen at a new home in Walt Disney World in 1975 as part of its expansion. In 1974, with the American Bicentennial approaching, Disney designers seized the opportunity of the vacant carousel theater to present a large musical extravaganza called America Sings, which featured 114 Audio Animatronics. The following year, Flight to the Moon was updated into Mission to Mars, as actual flights to the moon had become a reality since the former's construction.

Then, in 1975, construction began on Walt Disney's proposed 1965 'Space Port.' In May 1977, this project opened to the public as Space Mountain. The same year, the Super Speed Tunnel was added as part of the Peoplemover experience. In 1984, Circle-Vision 360 received a brand new travelogue of the United States, to replace the aging 'America The Beautiful' film - American Journeys. Two years later, two new attractions found homes in Tomorrowland: Star Tours and Captain EO. Captain EO replaced the Space Stage in September 1986, and Star Tours replaced Adventure Thru Inner Space in January 1987. Tomorrowland then remained largely unchanged for much of the following decade, until the land was again redone in 1998.

Tomorrowland reopened in 1998, loosely based on the retro-futurist concepts that Disneyland Paris's Discoveryland featured. The entire land was painted in bronzes, gold, and dark browns, with occasional green highlights. New landscaping featured apparent vegetable plots and referred to 'neo-agrarian' concepts. The flagship attraction of the makeover was the Rocket Rods, which attempted to run a fast-paced ride on the former slow-paced PeopleMover track; the ride would close three years later due to intractable mechanical problems.

Many of the attractions remained fundamentally the same, but Circle-Vision, Captain EO, and Mission to Mars were all removed. The space formerly occupied by Circle-Vision was partly used for the queue of the Rocket Rods, while Captain EO was replaced by Honey, I Shrunk the Audience and Mission To Mars was replaced by a restaurant called Red Rockett's Pizza Port. The Rocket Jets attraction was redressed as a moving sculpture called the Observatron, while a similar attraction called the Astro Orbitor was placed at ground level in the entrance of Tomorrowland. The former America Sings Theater became Innoventions, a technology showcase based on the Walt Disney World: EPCOT original.

Following the opening of the New Tomorrowland for summer 1998, the Submarine Voyage was closed in September. The Skyway linking Tomorrowland and Fantasyland in the Magic Kingdom closed after its last day of operation on November 9, 1999. Disneyland's version of the ride closed in 1994.

In late 2003, Matt Ouimet became president of the Disneyland Resort and sought to change some of the cost-cutting trends that had become the status quo there. Space Mountain was closed for two full years as the ride was refurbished and the track was completely replaced by a new track with the same track plan. The former Rocket Rods queue building was converted into Buzz Lightyear Astro Blasters for a 2005 opening.

In February 2005, Walt Disney Imagineering approved a repaint of Tomorrowland for the 'Happiest Homecoming on Earth' fiftieth anniversary celebration. This new paint scheme is predominantly white, blue, and silver, although some of the former gold and bronze colors were kept. The largest remainder from the 1998 color scheme was the Astro Orbitor until mid-2009, when it was repainted to match the rest of the land and mechanisms that once caused its top to rotate properly were repaired. In 2007 the Submarine Voyage reopened as Finding Nemo Submarine Voyage, with the submarines fully refurbished with Nemo and friends in a new adventure.

In 2007, the Disneyland Monorail began phasing out it's Mark V fleet of monorails in order to reverse engineer and upgrade the Mark V's to the new Mark VII models. The new Mark VII's were phased in one at a time, beginning with Red and Blue in 2008 and Orange in 2009. These new monorails pay homage to the original Mark I, II, and III monorails while retaining a modern, futuristic look. The previous Mark V monorail class of trains bore more of a resemblance to the Mark IV and Mark VI monorail classes of trains used on the Walt Disney World Monorail System.

In January 2010, Honey, I Shrunk the Audience closed down to make way for the Captain EO Tribute, which 're-opened' due the large public backing the 3D film received upon Michael Jackson's death in June 2009. It is a limited engagement, although no set date has been placed upon its closing.

Attractions

Buzz Lightyear Astro Blasters

Finding Nemo Submarine Voyage

Astro Orbitor

Autopia

Captain EO

Disneyland Monorail

Disneyland Railroad

Innoventions

Space Mountain

Starcade

Star Tours

Restaurants

Redd Rockett's Pizza Port

The Spirit of Refreshment

Tomorrowland Terrace

Shopping

Little Green Men Store Command

Star Trader

Tomorrowlanding

Former Attractions

America Sings

Adventure Through Inner Space

Circle-Vision 360°

Carousel of Progress

Flying Saucers

Honey, I Shrunk the Audience

Mission to Mars

Monsanto House of the Future

Magic Journeys

PeopleMover

Rocket Jets

Rocket Rods

Submarine Voyage

Skyway

The Viewliner

The World Beneath Us

Backstage

Backstage areas include closed areas of attraction, store, and restaurant buildings, as well as outdoor service areas located behind such buildings. Although some areas of the park, particularly New Orleans Square, have underground operations and storage areas, there is no park-wide network of subterranean tunnels, such as Walt Disney World's utilidors.

There are several points of entry from outside the park to the backstage areas: Ball Gate (from Ball Road), T.D.A. Gate (adjacent to the Team Disney Anaheim building), Harbor Pointe (from Harbor Boulevard), and Winston Gate (from Disneyland Drive).

Berm Road encircles the park from Firehouse Gate (behind the Main Street Fire Station) to Egghouse Gate (adjacent to the Disneyland Opera House). The road is so called because it generally follows outside the path of Disneyland's berm. A stretch of the road, wedged between Tomorrowland and Harbor Boulevard, is called Schumacher Road. It has two narrow lanes and runs underneath the Monorail track. There are also two railroad bridges that cross Berm Road: one behind City Hall and the other behind Tomorrowland.

Major buildings backstage include the Frank Gehry-designed Team Disney Anaheim, where most of the division's administration currently works, as well as the Old Administration Building, behind Tomorrowland. The Old Administration Building additionally houses the Grand Canyon and Primeval World dioramas visible on the Disneyland Railroad.

The northwest corner of the park is home to most of the park's maintenance facilities, including:

Company vehicle services, including Parking Lot trams and Main Street Vehicles

Scrap yard, where the Resort's garbage and recyclables are sorted for collection

Circle D Corral, where the Resort's horses and other animals are stabled

Parade float storage and maintenance

Distribution center for all Resort merchandise

Ride vehicle service areas

Paint shop

Sign shop

Backstage also refers to parts of show buildings that are normally not seen by guests. Backstage areas are generally off-limits to park guests. This prevents guests from seeing the industrial areas that violate the 'magic' of on-stage and keeps them safe from the potentially dangerous machinery. Cast members can also find some solace while they work or rest, as backstage offers alternate routes between the park's various areas.

Many attractions are housed in large, soundstage-like buildings, some of which are partially or completely disguised by external theming. Generally, these buildings are painted a dull green color in areas not seen by guests; ostensibly, this choice has been made to help disguise the buildings among the foliage and make them less visually obtrusive. Walt Disney Imagineering has termed this color, 'Go Away Green.' Most of them have off-white flat roofs that support HVAC units and footpaths for cast members. Inside are the rides, as well as hidden walkways, service areas, control rooms, and other behind-the-scenes operations. Photography is forbidden in these areas, both inside and outside, although some photos have found their way to a variety of web sites. Guests who attempt to explore backstage are warned and often escorted from the property.

The boundary between on and off-stage is demarcated at every access point. Everything within guest view when a door or gateway is open is also considered on stage. It is from this point, that characters start playing their part. That way, when the door is open, guests will not accidentally see a person out of character backstage.

Various amenities exist for Cast Members backstage when they are on breaks, or before and after their scheduled shifts. A number of cafeterias, now run by Sodexo, offer discounted meals throughout the day. These include Inn Between (behind the Plaza Inn), Eat Ticket (near the Team Disney Anaheim building behind Mickey's Toontown), and Westside Diner (located in a lower level beneath New Orleans Square). Partners Federal Credit Union, the credit union for employees of The Walt Disney Company in Orange County, provides nearly 20 ATMs backstage for cast member use and maintains an express branch at the Team Disney Anaheim building.

Live entertainment

In addition to the attractions, Disneyland provides live entertainment throughout the park.

Characters

Many Disney characters can be found throughout the park, greeting visitors, interacting with children, and posing for photos. Some characters have specific areas where they are scheduled to appear, but can be found wandering as well. One reason Mickey's Toontown was created was so that there would be a place for Mickey Mouse to always be available to guests in his own house.

Periodically through recent decades (and most recently during the summers of 2005 and 2006), Mickey Mouse has climbed the Matterhorn attraction several times a day with the support of his friends Minnie, Goofy, and some Disneyland guests. Other mountain climbers could also be seen on the Matterhorn from time to time. As of March 2007, Mickey and his 'toon' friends no longer climb the Matterhorn but the climbing program continues.

Daily ceremonies

Every evening at dusk, there is a military-style flag retreat to lower the Flag of the United States for the day, performed by a detail of the Disneyland Security Personnel. The ceremony usually is held between 4 and 5 PM depending on the entertainment being offered on Main Street, USA, currently the Street Event, 'Celebrate!', to prevent conflicts with crowds and music. Disney does report the time the Flag Retreat is offered on its Times Guide that is offered at the Entrance Turnstiles and other locations.

The Disneyland Band

The Disneyland Band, which has been part of the park since its opening, plays the role of the Town Band on Main Street, U.S.A. It also breaks out into smaller groups like the Main Street Strawhatters, the Hook and Ladder Co., and the Pearly Band in Fantasyland.

Fantasmic!

Fantasmic! which debuted in 1992, is a popular multimedia nighttime show on the Rivers of America. The star Mickey Mouse summons the characters and spirit of beloved Disney cartoons and uses the power of imagination to defeat the evil villains that try to turn his dream into a nightmare. The presentation is made at the Laffite's Tavern end of Pirate's Lair at Tom Sawyer Island and uses the Rivers of America as part of the stage. It uses Frontierland and New Orleans Square as the spectator arena.

It consists of synchronized lighting and special effects, with floating barges, the Mark Twain Riverboat, the Sailing Ship Columbia, fountains, lasers, fireworks, thirty-foot-tall 'mist screens' upon which animated scenes are projected, and an automated forty-five foot fire-breathing dragon. This show is currently down while the refurbishment of Rivers of America happens, which is scheduled to reopen in mid-May 2010 (but might be delayed due to weather issues). Fantasmic! should open sometime in June 2010, based on the current plans.

Fireworks

Elaborate fireworks shows synchronized with Disney songs and often an appearance by the Peter Pan character Tinker Bell. Since 2000, presentations have become more elaborate, featuring new pyrotechnics, launch techniques and story lines. In 2004, Disneyland introduced a new air launch pyrotechnics system, reducing ground level smoke and noise and decreasing negative environmental impacts. At the time the technology debuted, Disney announced it would donate the patents to a non-profit organization for use throughout the industry.

Regular Fireworks Show

o         1958-1999 Fantasy in the Sky

o         2000-2004 Believe There's Magic in the Stars

o         2004-2005 Imagine A Fantasy in the Sky

o         2005-2010 Remember Dreams Come True

Special Fireworks Show

o         June 12, 2009 - September 20, 2009 Magical: An Exploding Celebration In The Sky

o         September 25, 2009 - November 1, 2009 Halloween Screams

o         November 13, 2009 - January 3, 2010 Believe In Holiday Magic

Since 2009, Disneyland has moved to a rotating repertoire of firework spectaculars.

Yearly Fireworks Repertoire

o         Winter - Spring Remember Dreams Come True

o         Summer Magical: Disney's New Nighttime Spectacular of Magical Celebrations

o         Independence Day Week Disney's Celebrate America: A 4th of July Concert in the Sky

o         Halloweentime Halloween Screams

o         Holiday Believe In Holiday Magic

During the Holiday Season, there is a special fireworks presentation called Believe In Holiday Magic which has been running since 2000, except for a short hiatus in 2005 during the park's 50th Celebration.

Scheduling of fireworks shows depend on the time of year, during the slower off-season periods, the fireworks are only offered on weekends. During the busier times, Disney does offer additional nights, such as an extra night for a 3 day holiday. Also, Disney does offer Fireworks nightly during its busy periods, which includes Easter/Spring Break, Summer and Christmas time. The show is normally offered at 9:25 PM if the park is scheduled to close at 10 PM or later, but shows have started as early as 5:45 PM. Also, a major consideration is weather/winds, especially at higher elevations, which can force the cancellation of the show. Disney usually waits an additional time (15 minutes) to see if the winds die down. Shows, with a few minor exceptions, such as July 4th and New Years Eve, must finish by 10 PM due to the conditions of the permit issued by the City of Anaheim.

The Golden Horseshoe Revue

The Golden Horseshoe Saloon offers a live stage show with a frontier or old-west feel. The Golden Horseshoe Revue is an old-west Vaudeville type of show starring Slue Foot (or Sluefoot) Sue and Pecos Bill. It ran until the mid-1980s, when it was replaced by a similar show starring Lily Langtree (or Miss Lily) and Sam the Bartender. Most recently, Billy Hill and the Hillbillies have played their guitars and banjos in a bluegrass-and-comedy show.

Additionally, in front of the Golden Horsehose Saloon, The Laughing Stock Co. enacts small humorous skits with an old-west theme.

Parades

Disneyland has always had parades that have marched down Main Street. There were several daytime and nighttime parades that celebrate Disney films or seasonal holidays with characters, music, and large floats. One of the most popular parades was the Main Street Electrical Parade.

Debuting in May 5, 2005 as part of the Disneyland's 50th Anniversary, and running through November 7, 2008, Walt Disney's Parade of Dreams was presented, celebrating several of the classic Disney stories including The Lion King, The Little Mermaid, Alice in Wonderland, and Pinocchio. During the Christmas season, Disneyland presents 'A Christmas Fantasy' Parade which celebrates the joy & wonder of the Christmas season.

In 2009, Walt Disney's Parade of Dreams was replaced by Celebrate! A Street Party, which premiered on March 27, 2009. Disney does not call Celebrate! A Street Party a parade, but rather a 'street event.'

CONCLUSIONS

I could say that this theme was an easy one because I succeeded in finding very much information and that helped me very much. I had a little difficulty in making the introduction because I knew little about these places and the resources I could be provided with valuable information, but finally I managed to make it. I can also say that, working on this project, I had the occasion to learn more about the way the Americans attract millions of visitors and I have realized that it is very important that someone really care when there is about children's necessities.

Moreover, I reached at a conclusion: Disneyland is the perfect place for spending holidays, both for children and for adults. Such a place is at the boundary between magic and dreams where heroes and heroines of cartoons bring to life unforgettable stories. It was a good opportunity for me to learn more about the history of this park. I found out that Disneyland Park was opened to the public on Monday, July 18, 1955. However, a special 'International Press Preview' event was held on Sunday, July 17, 1955, which was only open to invited guests and the media. The Special Sunday events, including the dedication, were televised nationwide and anchored by three of Walt Disney's friends from Hollywood: Art Linkletter, Bob Cummings, and Ronald Reagan. ABC broadcast the event live on its network; at the time, it was one of the largest and most complex live broadcasts ever.

In the same time, I found out that the park is divided into realms, which radiate like the four cardinal points of the compass from Central Plaza, and well-concealed backstage areas. On entering a realm, a guest is completely immersed in the environment and is unable to see or hear any other realm. The idea behind this was to develop theatrical 'stages' with seamless passages from one land to the next. The public areas occupy approximately 34,40 hectares (0.133 sq mi; 0.344 km²). When the park initially opened, it consisted of five themed areas: Main Street U.S.A, Adventureland,  Frontierland, Fantasyland, Tommorowland.

In conclusion, I hope I will have the opportunity to visit Disneyland park from California because I was impressed by all its beauties, its charming lands ,its immensity and not at last, by the cartoon characters which are seen only on T.V.

APPENDIX

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Doris, David T., It's the Truth, It's Actual , Kodak Photo Spots At Walt Disney World, Visual Resources Vol XIV pp. 321-338, 1999

https://wikipedia.com.

https://www.wdwnewstoday.com/archives/4936

Keating, Gina 2009, Disney to expand Fantasyland at Walt Disney World Retrieved 2009-09-12

Minnick, Nathaniel, Disney's Lands in the History of Colonial Displays of the Exotic, University of Michigan, 2006

Stewart, James B., 2005, Disney War, Simon & Schuster.